Formation of hydrochemical composition and spatio-temporal evolution mechanism under mining-induced disturbance in the Linhuan coal-mining district

Coal mining is bound to destroy natural hydrochemical environment. However, in the concealed coal field in North China, the hydrogeochemical characteristics of discharge aquifers under mining-induced disturbance has not been researched from view of space and time, and the true hydrochemical feature and spatio-temporal evolution mechanism could not be well revealed. For this reason, taking the Linhuan coal-mining district as study area, conventional ions and trace elements are studied by principal component analysis (PCA). The results show that main formations of hydrochemical composition are lixiviation and dissolution for the first principal component and cation exchange and absorption for the second principal component, respectively. In general, the main formation of hydrochemical composition in the unconsoli-dated pore aquifer is lixiviation and dissolution. The main formation in the coal and sandstone cranny aquifer is cation exchange and absorption, which are gradually weakened with lixiviation and dissolution. The main formation in the karst aquifer is lixiviation and dissolution, which are gradually strengthened with cation exchange and absorption. The research provides theoretical foundation for the water-inrush precaution and the protection and utilization of water resources in concealed coal field in North China.