This paper mainly studies the control algorithm based on activated sludge sewage treatment system. First of all, use activated sludge 1 model (ASM1) as development platform and establish a simplified mathematical model of activated sludge. The model describes the growth and decay process of Aerobic heterotrophic bacteria, the components of model, the reaction process and the number of parameters are less than ASM1, so that the model's usefulness in municipal waste water treatment plant is improved. The determination of components, chemical measurement model coefficients and dynamic parameters provide an important premise and foundation. for the application of the model. Second, simulate and research on established the simplified model, in order to improve the control effect, this paper use the state feedback controller. Finally, the method is verified that it is useful to improve and enhance the performance of the sewage treatment system by comparison and analysis.