A unified framework for chaotic neural-network approaches to combinatorial optimization

As an attempt to provide an organized way to study the chaotic structures and their effects in solving combinatorial optimization with chaotic neural networks (CNN's), a unifying framework is proposed to serve as a basis where the existing CNN models can be placed and compared. The key of this proposed framework is the introduction of an extra energy term into the computational energy of the Hopfield model, which takes on different forms for different CNN models, and modifies the: original Hopfield energy landscape in various manners. Three CNN models, namely the Chen and Aihara model with self-feedback chaotic simulated annealing (CSA), the Wang and Smith model with time-step CSA, and the chaotic noise model, are chosen as examples to show hew they can be classified and compared within the proposed framework.