Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the developed world. Unfortunately, developing countries, including ours, also follow this trend. Early invalidity due to heart and circulation diseases plays an important role in social and economic sense. Exposed to effects of numerous harming factor, human organism responds in various ways. Within the context of cardiovascular diseases, those responses will be analyzed using certain parameters, which include cholesterol level and lipoprotein fractions. This paper will analyze the change of value of cholesterol and lipoprotein fractions of 200 first-time hospitalized patients at the Clinic for Heart Diseases and Rheumatism at the University Hospital in Sarajevo. The same methods were applied to all patients: taking a detailed history which discovered that the patients did not have other diseases and were not on any medication therapy prior to this hospitalization, as well as running all lab tests with a special focus on lipid status. The results obtained by a statistical processing of data revealed the highest value of most lipid parameters with the patients having the following cardiovascular diseases: essential hypertension, angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction and chronic ischemic heart diseases. The findings in this paper correspond to the existing knowledge in this field and indicate the existence of a link between the changes in the status of cholesterol and lipoprotein fractions and development of cardiovascular diseases.