Planck intermediate results XL. The Sunyaev-Zeldovich signal from the Virgo cluster

被引:16
作者
Ade, P. A. R. [89 ]
Aghanim, N. [60 ]
Arnaud, M. [74 ]
Ashdown, M. [5 ,70 ]
Aumont, J. [60 ]
Baccigalupi, C. [88 ]
Banday, A. J. [10 ,98 ]
Barreiro, R. B. [65 ]
Bartolo, N. [28 ,66 ]
Battaner, E. [100 ,101 ]
Benabed, K. [61 ,96 ]
Benoit-Levy, A. [22 ,49 ,61 ,65 ,67 ,68 ,96 ]
Bernard, J. -P. [10 ,98 ]
Bersanelli, M. [31 ,50 ]
Bielewicz, P. [10 ,84 ,88 ]
Bonaldi, A. [61 ,65 ,68 ]
Bonavera, L. [65 ]
Bond, J. R. [9 ]
Borrill, J. [13 ,92 ]
Bouchet, F. R. [61 ,90 ]
Burigana, C. [29 ,49 ,51 ]
Butler, R. C. [49 ]
Calabrese, E. [94 ]
Cardoso, J. -F. [1 ,61 ,75 ,76 ]
Catalano, A. [73 ,77 ]
Chamballu, A. [14 ,60 ,74 ]
Chiang, H. C. [6 ,25 ]
Christensen, P. R. [35 ,85 ]
Churazov, E. [82 ,91 ]
Clements, D. L. [57 ]
Colombo, L. P. L. [21 ,67 ]
Combet, C. [77 ]
Comis, B. [77 ]
Couchot, F. [72 ]
Coulais, A. [73 ]
Crill, B. P. [11 ,67 ]
Curto, A. [5 ,65 ,70 ]
Cuttaia, F. [49 ]
Danese, L. [88 ]
Davies, R. D. [68 ]
Davis, R. J. [68 ]
de Bernardis, P. [30 ]
de Rosa, A. [49 ]
de Zotti, G. [46 ,88 ]
Delabrouille, J. [1 ]
Dickinson, C. [68 ]
Diego, J. M. [65 ]
Dolag, K. [82 ,99 ]
Dole, H. [59 ,60 ]
Donzelli, S. [50 ]
机构
[1] Univ Paris Diderot, APC, CNRS IN2P3, CEA lrfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France
[2] African Inst Math Sci, 6-8 Melrose Rd, ZA-7945 Cape Town, South Africa
[3] Agenzia Spaziale Italiana Sci Data Ctr, Via Politecn Snc, I-00133 Rome, Italy
[4] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LAM, UMR 7326, F-13388 Marseille, France
[5] Univ Cambridge, Astrophys Grp, Cavendish Lab, J J Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 OHE, England
[6] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Math Stat & Comp Sci, Astrophys & Cosmol Res Unit, Westville Campus,Private Bag X54001, ZA-4000 Durban, South Africa
[7] ALMA Santiago Cent Offices, Atacama Large Millimeter Submillimeter Array, Alonso Cordova 3107, Santiago 7630355, Chile
[8] Parque Cidade Corp, CGEE, SCS Qd 9,Lote C,Torre C, 4, BR-70308200 Brasilia, DF, Brazil
[9] Univ Toronto, CITA, 60 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada
[10] CNRS, IRAP, 9 Ave Colonel Roche,BP 44346, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France
[11] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
[12] CEFCA, Plaza San Juan,1,Planta 2, Teruel 44001, Spain
[13] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Cosmol Ctr, Berkeley, CA USA
[14] CEA Saclay, DSM, Irfu, SPP, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France
[15] Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Space Inst, DTU Space, Elektrovej 327, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
[16] Univ Geneva, Dept Phys Theor, 24 Quai E Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
[17] ULL, Dept Astrofis, San Cristobal la Laguna 38206, Spain
[18] Univ Oviedo, Dept Fis, Avda Calvo Sotelo S-N, Oviedo 33007, Spain
[19] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Astrophys, IMAPP, POB 9010, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands
[20] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys Astron, 6224 Agr Rd, Vancouver, BC, Canada
[21] Univ Southern Calif, Dept Phys & Astron, Dana & David Dornsife Coll Letter Arts & Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
[22] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England
[23] Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Keen Phys Bldg,77 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL USA
[24] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Gustaf Hallstromin Katu 2a, Helsinki 00014, Finland
[25] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA
[26] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
[27] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 1110 W Green St, Urbana, IL USA
[28] Univ Studi Padova, Dipartimento Fis & Astron G Galilei, Via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padua, Italy
[29] Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis & Sci Terra, Via Saragat 1, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
[30] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, P le A Moro 2, I-00185 Rome, Italy
[31] Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, Via Celoria 16, I-20133 Milan, Italy
[32] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, Via Valerio 2, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
[33] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, Via Ric Scientifica 1, I-00133 Rome, Italy
[34] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Matemat, Via Ric Scientifica, I-00133 Rome, Italy
[35] Niels Bohr Inst, Discovery Ctr, Blegdamsvej 17, Copenhagen, Denmark
[36] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Discovery Ctr, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
[37] European Southern Observ, ESO Vitacura, Alonso Cordova 3107, Santiago 19001, Chile
[38] European Space Agcy, ESAC, Planck Sci Off, Camino Bajo Castillo S-N, Madrid, Spain
[39] European Space Agcy, ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, NL-2201 AZ Noordwijk, Netherlands
[40] Univ E Campus, Fac Ingn, Via Isimbardi 10, I-22060 Novedrate CO, Italy
[41] INFN, Gran Sasso Sci Inst, Viale F Crispi 7, I-67100 Laquila, Italy
[42] HGSFP, Philosophenweg 16, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
[43] Heidelberg Univ, Dept Theoret Phys, Philosophenweg 16, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
[44] Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Inst Phys, Gustaf Hallstromin Katu 2, Helsinki 00014, Finland
[45] INAF Osservatorio Astrofisico Catania, Via S Sofia 78, Catania, Italy
[46] INAF Osservatorio Astron Padova, Vicolo dell Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padua, Italy
[47] INAF Osservatorio Astronomico Roma, Via Frascati 33, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
[48] INAF Osservatorio Astronomico Trieste, Via G B Tiepolo 11, I-40127 Trieste, Italy
[49] INAF, IASF Bologna, Via Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
[50] INAF, IASF Milano, Via Bassini 15, I-20133 Milan, Italy
关键词
ISM: general; galaxies: clusters: individual: Virgo; galaxies: clusters: intracluster medium; cosmic background radiation; large-scale structure of Universe; X-RAY; GALAXY CLUSTERS; HUBBLE CONSTANT; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; GAS; DISTANCE; TEMPERATURE; SAMPLE; SKY; SEPARATION;
D O I
10.1051/0004-6361/201527743
中图分类号
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号
0704 ;
摘要
The Virgo cluster is the largest Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) source in the sky, both in terms of angular size and total integrated flux. Planck's wide angular scale and frequency coverage, together with its high sensitivity, enable a detailed study of this big object through the SZ effect. Virgo is well resolved by Planck, showing an elongated structure that correlates well with the morphology observed from X-rays, but extends beyond the observed X-ray signal. We find good agreement between the SZ signal (or Compton parameter, y(c)) observed by Planck and the expected signal inferred from X-ray observations and simple analytical models. Owing to its proximity to us, the gas beyond the virial radius in Virgo can be studied with unprecedented sensitivity by integrating the SZ signal over tens of square degrees. We study the signal in the outskirts of Virgo and compare it with analytical models and a constrained simulation of the environment of Virgo. Planck data suggest that significant amounts of low-density plasma surround Virgo, out to twice the virial radius. We find the SZ signal in the outskirts of Virgo to be consistent with a simple model that extrapolates the inferred pressure at lower radii, while assuming that the temperature stays in the keV range beyond the virial radius. The observed signal is also consistent with simulations and points to a shallow pressure profile in the outskirts of the cluster. This reservoir of gas at large radii can be linked with the hottest phase of the elusive warm/hot intergalactic medium. Taking the lack of symmetry of Virgo into account, we find that a prolate model is favoured by the combination of SZ and X-ray data, in agreement with predictions. Finally, based on the combination of the same SZ and X-ray data, we constrain the total amount of gas in Virgo. Under the hypothesis that the abundance of baryons in Virgo is representative of the cosmic average, we also infer a distance for Virgo of approximately 18 Mpc, in good agreement with previous estimates.
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