Stimulation of Matrix Metalloproteinases by Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Human Pulp Cell Cultures

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether in vitro stimulation of pulp cells leads to increased secretion of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and, if so, to identify which MMPs are affected. Methods: Cells cultured from dental pulp were stimulated with tumor necrosis factor alpha (INF-alpha) (10 ng/mL) for 24 hours, and lysates were analyzed with an antibody array (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA). The mRNA and protein levels of MM P-3, -10, and -13 were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blot analysis, and zymography. In addition, tumor necrosis factor receptors in the pulp cells were assayed by flow cytometry. The ELISA and real-time PCR results were analyzed by paired t tests. Results: The expression of MMP-3, -10, and -13 was up-regulated in the pulp cells after 24 hours of stimulation with TNF-alpha (10 ng/nriL) as seen in the antibody array, real-time PCR, and ELISA results, but MM P-10 was not detected by Western blotting or casein zymography. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the majority of the pulp cells expressed tumor necrosis factor receptor 1. Conclusions: In regions of inflammation, TN F-a may initiate the degradation of dental connective tissue by activating MM P-3 and MMP-13. These proteins may play an important pathologic role in the inflammation of dental pulp.