Differential microRNA Profile and Post-Transcriptional Regulation Exist in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients with Distinct Autoantibody Specificities

Purpose Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients have anti-nuclear autoantibodies directed against dsDNA and RNA-associated antigens (extractable nuclear antigens; ENA). In this study, we investigated the differences in microRNA (miRNA) expression and its biological implications in SLE patients with distinct autoantibody specificities. Methods The SLE patients were grouped into three subsets based on the type of autoantibodies present in their sera (anti-ENA(+) group with autoantibodies against ENA alone; anti-dsDNA(+) group having autoantibodies against dsDNA only, and anti-ENA(+)dsDNA(+) group having autoantibodies to both dsDNA and ENA). Global miRNA expression profiling was done for each of these three groups using TaqManA((R)) low density miRNA arrays. Results We report that different sets of miRNAs are dysregulated in SLE patients with different autoantibody specificities. Further, Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) software revealed specific biological pathways that were targeted by miRNAs dysregulated in different SLE subsets. Molecules involved in cell cycle and cytoskeleton remodeling were the prime targets of miRNAs dysregulated in anti-ENA(+) patients whereas miRNAs dysregulated in anti-dsDNA(+) patients were found to be implicated in multiple cytokine signaling pathways. IPA analysis of gene targets of miRNAs commonly dysregulated in all three SLE subsets identified several metabolic-, hormone-, and interferon-related pathways to be affected. Conclusion The differential miRNA expression in patients with distinct autoantibodies is suggestive of different regulatory mechanisms operating among them. Based on these observations, we are hopeful that this 'sub-grouping' approach could be used to identify other defective processes associated with varying disease manifestations in SLE and may be considered when designing therapeutic interventions.