Many observers have written with concern about a growing "opposition to gender equality," "anti-gender campaigns," and even a "war on gender." Often, these trends take place in countries that are witnessing a decline in democratic quality, a process captured by such labels as "democratic erosion," "democratic backsliding," or "autocratization." This thematic issue brings together literature on gender equality and de-democratization with an emphasis on the role of illiberalism and a regional focus on post-communist Europe.