Childhood Lymphohematopoietic Cancer Incidence and Hazardous Air Pollutants in Southeast Texas, 1995-2004

被引:96
作者
Whitworth, Kristina W. [1 ]
Symanski, Elaine [1 ]
Coker, Ann L. [2 ]
机构
[1] Univ Texas Houston, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Dis Control, Houston, TX 77030 USA
[2] Univ Kentucky, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Lexington, KY USA
基金
美国国家卫生研究院;
关键词
1,3-butadiene; air toxics; benzene; childhood cancer; epidemiology; hazardous air pollution;
D O I
10.1289/ehp.11593
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
BACKGROUND: Cancer is the second leading cause of death among U.S. children with few known risk factors. There is increasing interest in the role of air pollutants, including benzene and 1,3-butadiene, in the etiology of childhood cancers. OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to assess whether census tracts with the highest benzene or 1,3-butadiene ambient air levels have increased childhood lymphohematopoietic cancer incidence. METHODS: Our ecologic analysis included 977 cases of childhood lymphohematopoietic cancer diagnosed from 1995-2004. We obtained the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's 1999 modeled estimates of benzene and 1,3-butadiene for 886 census tracts surrounding Houston, Texas. We ran Poisson regression models by, pollutant to explore the associations between pollutant levels and census-tract cancer rates. We adjusted models for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and community-level socioeconomic status (cSES). RESULTS: Census tracts with the highest benzene levels had elevated rates of all leukemia [rate ratio (RR) = 1.37; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05, 1.781. This association was higher for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (RR = 2.02; 95% CI, 1.03-3.96) than for acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) (RR = 1.24; 95% CI, 0.92-1.66). Among census tracts with the highest 1,3-butadiene levels, we observed RRs of 1.40 (95% CI, 1.07-1-81), 1.68 (95% CI, 0.84-3-35), and 1.32 (95% CI,, 0.98-1.77) for all leukemia, AML, and ALL, respectively. We detected no associations between benzene or 1,3-butadiene levels and lymphoma incidence. Results that examined joint exposure to benzene and 1,3-butadiene were similar to those that examined each pollutant separately. CONCLUSIONS: Our ecologic analysis suggests an association between childhood leukemia and hazardous air pollution; further research using more sophisticated methodology is warranted.
引用
收藏
页码:1576 / 1580
页数:5
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