Retrieving visibility distance in fog combining infrared thermography, Principal Components Analysis and Partial Least-Square regression

Fog conditions are the cause of severe car accidents in European western countries because of the poor induced visibility. Its occurrence and intensity are still very difficult to forecast for weather services. Furthermore, visibility determination relies on expensive instruments and does not ease their dissemination. Lately, it has been demonstrated the benefit of infrared cameras to detect and to identify objects in fog while visibility is too low for eye detection. Over the past years, such cameras have become more cost effective. A research program between IFSTTAR and Cerema studied the possibility to retrieve visibility distance in a fog tunnel during its natural dissipation. The purpose of this work is to retrieve atmospheric visibility with a technique based on the combined use of infrared thermography, Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least-Square (PLS) regression applied to infrared images. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.