Introduction: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurobehavioral disorder of which the main features are inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Methylphenidate (MPH) is the mainstay of treatment, but its short duration of action and consequent need for multiple administrations has been problematic for children attending school. Extended-release (ER) formulations have been developed to help overcome the drawbacks associated with immediate-release (IR) preparations. Areas covered: This review focuses on the pharmacokinetics of ER MPH formulations (Concerta (R), Equasym XL (R)/Metadate CD (R), Medikinet Retard (R) and Ritalin LA (R)). It also attempts to align the properties of each agent with available clinical findings in children/adolescents with ADHD. Expert opinion: In the author's opinion, Concerta, Equasym XL/Metadate CD, Medikinet Retard and Ritalin LA offer the convenience of once-daily administration with absorption characteristics resembling two or three times daily dosing with IR MPH preparations. All formulations produce plasma concentrations necessary to maintain symptom control during school time in children with ADHD. However, their pharmacokinetic profiles differ with respect to peak plasma levels and the rate at which peak levels are attained and decline. These differences may provide physicians with the opportunity to prescribe a formulation best suited to the symptom profile of individual patients. Additional clinical research is required to clarify further the relative merits of these ER formulations with the goal of enabling
机构:
NYU, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10016 USA
New York VA Harbor Healthcare Syst, New York, NY USANYU, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10016 USA
Adler, Lenard A.
Zimmerman, Brenda
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
McNeil Consumer Healthcare, Philadelphia, PA USANYU, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10016 USA
Zimmerman, Brenda
Starr, H. Lynn
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
OrthoMcNeil Janssen Sci Affairs LLC, Titusville, NJ USANYU, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10016 USA
Starr, H. Lynn
Silber, Steve
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceut Res & Dev, Raritan, NJ USANYU, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10016 USA
Silber, Steve
Palumbo, Joseph
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceut Res & Dev, Raritan, NJ USANYU, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10016 USA
Palumbo, Joseph
Orman, Camille
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceut Res & Dev, Raritan, NJ USANYU, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10016 USA
Orman, Camille
Spencer, Thomas
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA
Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USANYU, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10016 USA
机构:
Centre for Child Health, Dundee DD3 6HHCentre for Child Health, Dundee DD3 6HH
Coghill D.
Soutullo C.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Clínica Universitaria, University of Navarra, 36. 31080-Pamplona, Pio XIICentre for Child Health, Dundee DD3 6HH
Soutullo C.
d'Aubuisson C.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
49324 MelleCentre for Child Health, Dundee DD3 6HH
d'Aubuisson C.
Preuss U.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Universitätsklinik für Kinder-undJugendpsychiatrie Psychotherapie Bern, CH-3011 BernCentre for Child Health, Dundee DD3 6HH
Preuss U.
Lindback T.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
0753 OsloCentre for Child Health, Dundee DD3 6HH
机构:
NYU, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10016 USA
New York VA Harbor Healthcare Syst, New York, NY USANYU, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10016 USA
Adler, Lenard A.
Zimmerman, Brenda
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
McNeil Consumer Healthcare, Philadelphia, PA USANYU, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10016 USA
Zimmerman, Brenda
Starr, H. Lynn
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
OrthoMcNeil Janssen Sci Affairs LLC, Titusville, NJ USANYU, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10016 USA
Starr, H. Lynn
Silber, Steve
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceut Res & Dev, Raritan, NJ USANYU, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10016 USA
Silber, Steve
Palumbo, Joseph
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceut Res & Dev, Raritan, NJ USANYU, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10016 USA
Palumbo, Joseph
Orman, Camille
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceut Res & Dev, Raritan, NJ USANYU, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10016 USA
Orman, Camille
Spencer, Thomas
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA
Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USANYU, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10016 USA
机构:
Centre for Child Health, Dundee DD3 6HHCentre for Child Health, Dundee DD3 6HH
Coghill D.
Soutullo C.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Clínica Universitaria, University of Navarra, 36. 31080-Pamplona, Pio XIICentre for Child Health, Dundee DD3 6HH
Soutullo C.
d'Aubuisson C.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
49324 MelleCentre for Child Health, Dundee DD3 6HH
d'Aubuisson C.
Preuss U.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Universitätsklinik für Kinder-undJugendpsychiatrie Psychotherapie Bern, CH-3011 BernCentre for Child Health, Dundee DD3 6HH
Preuss U.
Lindback T.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
0753 OsloCentre for Child Health, Dundee DD3 6HH