Removal of fluoride from drinking water by gel composite of metal ion and humic acid adsorbent

Humic acid adsorbent modified with metal ions. was prepared by gel polymerization and named gel composite of metal ion and humic acid, which abbreviated GCMH to uptake fluoride from drinking water. The samples were measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. Fluoride adsorption onto the synthesized samples was investigated by batch adsorption method. In previous works, detailed studies were carried out to investigate the effect of contact time, adsorbent dose, initial solution pH, temperatures and co-existing anions. The maximum fluoride removal was obtained at pH7. Presence of HCO3- adversely affected the adsorption of fluoride. The optimum absorption conditions were at the dose of 10g/L, temperature of water of 55 degrees Cand contact time of 6hs.