What 20 years of research has taught us about theTP53p.R337H mutation

The p53 tumor suppressor transcriptionally regulates a myriad of genes involved in cell cycle control, DNA repair, cell survival, and cell metabolism and represents one of the most well-studied inhibitors of tumorigenesis. Since the discovery ofTP53in 1979, somatic mutations have been shown to be extremely common; more than 50% of human cancers carry loss-of-function mutations inTP53. Inherited or germlineTP53mutations are rare and are involved in complex hereditary cancer predisposition disorders, and affected family members can develop diverse tumor types and multiple primary cancers at young ages. In Brazil, a fascinating history of p53 and cancer predisposition began in the year 2000 with identification of theTP53p.R337H mutation in close association with the development of adrenocortical tumors. In these past 20 years, much has been learned about the genetics and biochemistry of this mutation, which is widespread in Brazil because of a founder effect. This review highlights the contributions ofTP53p.R337H research over the last 20 years, the findings of which have sparked passionate debate among researchers worldwide, to understanding cancer predisposition in Brazilian individuals and families.