Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) and Testicular Morphology: Current Status and a Case for a Stereologic Approach

被引:17
作者
Azu, Onyemaechi O. [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Lab Med & Med Sci, Discipline Clin Anat, ZA-4013 Durban, South Africa
来源
JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY | 2012年 / 33卷 / 06期
关键词
Testis; histology; stereology; toxicity; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; MALE GENITAL-TRACT; HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; BLOOD-TESTIS BARRIER; SPONTANEOUS PREGNANCY; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; AIDS; MEN;
D O I
10.2164/jandrol.112.016758
中图分类号
R69 [泌尿科学(泌尿生殖系疾病)];
学科分类号
摘要
As antiretroviral therapy becomes increasingly accessible, the associated improvements in the health, quality of life, and survival of patients are anticipated to influence the fertility determinants of patients, specifically young males, within the reproductive axis. Therefore, the understanding of testicular histology in patients with HIV/AIDS undergoing therapeutic management is essential, because the sexual route is one of the main means of transmission of HIV, which is localized primarily in the germ cells of the testes. It is also important to determine whether any changes have occurred in the testicular histologic patterns in the course of the HIV/AIDS therapy. This review highlights the views of experts that current therapy and prolongation of survival in HIV/AIDS patients are associated with a shift in the histologic findings of testes toward a more pronounced loss of germ cells. There have been attempts to use stereologic size and number estimators to quantify the volume or number of biologically significant reference spaces and objects from their appearance on two-dimensional sections without introducing bias from inappropriate assumptions, models, or correction formulas. Therefore, morphologic changes related to altered distribution of highly active retroviral therapy within the testis and the consequent endocrine perturbations characteristic of a potential complication of antiretroviral treatment regimens can be analyzed in stereologic dimensions.
引用
收藏
页码:1130 / 1142
页数:13
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