The role of zinc transporter ZIP4 in prostate carcinoma

Objective: Normal prostate tissues have a unique function of accumulating high levels of zinc. This capability is lost during the early stage in the development of prostate malignancy. ZIP4 is an important zinc transporter. In this study, we explore the expression of ZIP4 in prostate carcinoma and invest the functional contributions of ZIP4 to cancer growth in vitro. Methods: ZIP4 expression was detected in 14 prostate carcinoma and 20 BPH tissues by real-time RT-PCR and western blot. To invest the biological function of ZIP4 in prostate carcinoma cells, ZIP4 stable over-expression in cells was established in prostate carcinoma cell line DU145 (DU145-ZIP4) and ZIP4 short hairpin RNA(shRNA) expression in stable cells was also established in prostate carcinoma cell line 22RVI (22RVI-shRNA). The proliferation, migration, and invasion ability of the prostate carcinoma cells were detected. Results: The expression of ZIP4 mRNA and protein are significantly down-regulated in prostate carcinoma tissues compared with that in BPH tissues. However, we found that there was no correlation between the ZIP4 expression and the pathologic grade of prostate carcinoma. In in vitro studies, over-expression of ZIP4 not only inhibits the proliferation but also inhibits the invasive ability of prostate carcinoma cell line DU145-ZIP4. At the same time, we found silencing of ZIP4 was associated with increased cell proliferation and invasion ability in 22RVI-shRNA cell line. However, both DU145-ZIP4 and 22RVI-shRNA cells showed a significant reduction on cell migration ability compared with the control. Conclusion: The results indicate that ZIP4 expression is down-regulated in prostate carcinoma and it may serve as a promising biomarker for prostate carcinoma. ZIP4 has an inhibitory effect on prostate carcinoma cell proliferation and invasion. It suggests that ZIP4 may be a tumor suppressor gene and down-regulation of ZIP4 may be a critical early event in the development of prostate carcinoma. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.