We define two-dimensional topological substitutions. A tiling of the Euclidean plane, or of the hyperbolic plane, is substitutive if the underlying 2-complex can be obtained by iteration of a two-dimensional topological substitution. We prove that there is no primitive substitutive tiling of the hyperbolic plane H-2. However, we give an example of a substitutive tiling of H-2 which is non-primitive.