Liver Immunology

被引:168
作者
Bogdanos, Dimitrios P. [1 ]
Gao, Bin [2 ]
Gershwin, M. Eric [3 ]
机构
[1] Kings Coll Hosp London, Kings Coll London Sch Med, Inst Liver Studies Transplantat Immunol & Mucosal, London, England
[2] NIAAA, Lab Liver Dis, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA
[3] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Div Rheumatol Allergy & Clin Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA
基金
美国国家卫生研究院;
关键词
HEPATITIS-C-VIRUS; PRIMARY BILIARY-CIRRHOSIS; SINUSOIDAL-ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; REGULATORY T-CELLS; PYRUVATE-DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX; PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS; COMPARATIVE ATOMIC-FORCE; RESTING DENDRITIC CELLS;
D O I
10.1002/cphy.c120011
中图分类号
Q4 [生理学];
学科分类号
071003 ;
摘要
The liver is the largest organ in the body and is generally regarded by nonimmunologists as having little or no lymphoid function. However, such is far from accurate. This review highlights the importance of the liver as a lymphoid organ. Firstly, we discuss experimental data surrounding the role of liver as a lymphoid organ. The liver facilitates tolerance rather than immunoreactivity, which protects the host from antigenic overload of dietary components and drugs derived from the gut and it is instrumental to fetal immune tolerance. Loss of liver tolerance leads to autoaggressive phenomena, which if not controlled by regulatory lymphoid populations, may lead to the induction of autoimmune liver diseases. Liver-related lymphoid subpopulations also act as critical antigen-presenting cells. The study of the immunological properties of liver and delineation of the microenvironment of the intrahepatic milieu in normal and diseased livers provides a platform to understand the hierarchy of a series of detrimental events that lead to immune-mediated destruction of the liver and the rejection of liver allografts. The majority of emphasis within this review will be on the normal mononuclear cell composition of the liver. However, within this context, we will discuss selected, but not all, immune-mediated liver disease and attempt to place these data in the context of human autoimmunity. (C) 2013 American Physiological Society.
引用
收藏
页码:567 / 598
页数:32
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