Alumina samples (with a nanophase grain size of 23 nm and a conventional grain size of 177 nm) were synthesized and evaluated for mechanical and cytocompatibility properties. Compared to the 177 nm grain size, the modulus of elasticity of the 23 nm alumina grain size decreased by 70%; ductility of alumina can, therefore, be controlled and improved through the use of nanophase formulations Moreover, compared to the 177 nm grain size alumina, osteoblast (the bone forming cells) adhesion on the 23 nm nanomaterial increased by 46%. The improved mechanical properties of nanomaterials, in addition to the biocompatibility of nanophase ceramics, constitute characteristics that promise improved orthopaedic/dental implant efficacy. (C) 1999 Acta Metallurgica Inc.
