The Effect of Micronized Purified Flavonoid Fraction on the Prevention of Testicular Pathologies in Adolescent Rats with Experimentally Induced Varicocele

Purpose: We investigated the effect of micronized purified flavonoid fraction on the prevention of testicular pathologies following varicocele induction. Materials and Methods: A total of 66 adolescent (6-week-old) male Wistar rats were included in study. Rats were divided into 7 groups, including group 1-control, group 2-sham operation, group 3-left varicocele induced, group 4-varicocele induced, varicocelectomy done 4 weeks later and micronized purified flavonoid fraction administered for 4 weeks, group 5-varicocele induced and micronized purified flavonoid fraction administered for 8 weeks, group 6-varicocele induced and beginning 4 weeks later micronized purified flavonoid fraction administered for 4 weeks, and group 7-varicocele induced and varicocelectomy done 4 weeks later. Before sacrifice bilateral real-time testicular microvascular perfusion of all rats was measured using the PeriFlux System 5000 PF 5010 LDPM Unit (Perimed, Jarfalla, Sweden). All testes were graded according to the Johnsen scoring system. To assess apoptosis caspase-3 levels were measured. Results: Testicular weight in group 3 was markedly decreased and the extent of seminiferous tubular damage was significantly increased compared with the other groups. Bilateral testicular blood flow and the number of apoptotic germ cells were greater in group 3. Significantly higher Johnsen scores and a meaningful decrease in the apoptotic index were detected in groups 4 to 7 compared with group 3. Conclusions: We observed favorable effects of micronized purified flavonoid fraction on the regression of testicular damage secondary to varicocele.