Nuclear Dynamics of Histone H3 Trimethylated on Lysine 9 and/or Phosphorylated on Serine 10 in Mouse Cloned Embryos As New Markers of Reprogramming?

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is the injection of a donor nucleus into an enucleated egg. Despite the use of this technology for many years in research, it is still quite inefficient. One of the causes for this is thought to be incorrect or incomplete genome reprogramming. Embryos produced by nuclear transfer (cloned embryos) very often present abnormal epigenetic signatures and irregular chromatin reorganization. Of these two issues, the issue of chromatin rearrangements within the nuclei after transfer is the least studied. It is known that cloned embryos often present pericentromeric heterochromatin clumps very similar to the chromocenters structures present in the donor nuclei. Therefore, it is believed that the somatic nuclear configuration of donor nuclei, especially that of the chromocenters, is not completely lost after nuclear transfer, in other words, not well reprogrammed. To further investigate pericentromeric heterochromatin reorganization after nuclear transfer, we decided to study its rearrangements in cumulus-derived clones using several related epigenetic markers such as H3S10P, H3K9me3, and the double marker H3K9me3S10P. We observed that two of these markers, H3S10P and H3K9me3S10P, are the ones found on the part of the pericentromeric heterochromatin that is remodeled correctly, resembling exactly the embryonic heterochromatin configuration of naturally fertilized embryos. Conversely, H3K9me3 and heterochromatin protein 1 beta (HP1 beta)-associated protein were also detected in the perinuclear clumps of heterochromatin, making obvious the maintenance of the somatic epigenetic signature within these nuclear regions. Our results demonstrate that H3S10P and H3K9me3S10P could be good candidates for evaluating heterochromatin reorganization following nuclear reprogramming.