A cell-based smoothed finite element model for non-Newtonian blood flow

Smoothed Finite Element Method (S-FEM) has drawn increasing attention in the field of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and the present work seeks to make further contri-bution to this growing field of S-FEM by simulating for the non-Newtonian blood flow. This investigation took the form of Streamline Upwind Petrov-Galerkin in conjunction with Stabilized Pressure Gradient Projection (SUPG/SPGP) to alleviate the spatial oscilla-tion and instability problems. The validation of the cell-based S-FEM (CS-FEM) combined with SUPG/SPGP was carried out by the blood flow over a backward-facing step. The per-formances of the presented method were explored by the blood flow in the carotid bifur-cation and blood flow in the intracranial segment of internal carotid artery. Impressively, the results exhibit good features of the CS-FEM on solving severely distorted mesh vis-a-vis the standard finite element method (FEM). The presented method could realize the accurate prediction in the mentioned complex blood flows as the same as Finite Volume Method software STAR-CCM + .(c) 2022 Published by Elsevier Inc.