Alternative control of the gastrointestinal nematodes of the ruminants: actuality and perspectives

Infections by gastrointestinal nematodes cause significant losses in the production of ruminants. Intensification of production process tends to enhance the effects of parasitosis. Easy access for producers to anthelmintics, in addition to poor professional assistance, has led to indiscriminate use of these chemicals and, consequently, to parasite resistance, reducing the effectiveness of treatment. Compounding the issue there is a trend towards valorization of organic products, originating from production systems where the use of chemotherapics is restricted or prohibited. This context emphasizes the importance of alternative approaches based on: management of livestock and pastures, biological control of parasites, stimulation of immunological response of host and phytotherapy. There are some promising methods by future utilization and others viable by immediate application, which, combined with conventional anthelmintics, can guarantee success and sustainability in controlling the nematodiasis.