Mechanical properties of high-entropy alloys with emphasis on face-centered cubic alloys

被引:861
作者
Li, Zezhou [1 ,2 ]
Zhao, Shiteng [3 ,4 ]
Ritchie, Robert O. [3 ,4 ]
Meyers, Marc A. [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Nanoengn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
[2] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
[3] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
[4] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
关键词
Mechanical properties; High-entropy alloys; Fracture; Fatigue; Dynamic behavior; STACKING-FAULT ENERGIES; STRAIN-RATE SENSITIVITY; CRACK GROWTH-BEHAVIOR; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; SOLID-SOLUTION; GRAIN-SIZE; MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; SHEAR LOCALIZATION; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS;
D O I
10.1016/j.pmatsci.2018.12.003
中图分类号
T [工业技术];
学科分类号
08 ;
摘要
High-entropy alloys (HEAs), also known as multi-principal element alloys or multi-component alloys, have been the subject of numerous investigations since they were first described in 2004. The earliest HEA was the equiatomic CrMnFeCoNi "Cantor" alloy, but HEM now encompass a broad class of metallic and ceramic systems. The concept of utilizing the high entropy of mixing to develop stable multi-element alloys may not be scientifically correct but has produced extraordinary mechanical properties in specific HEAs, mainly CrCoNi-based alloys, associated with their continuous work-hardening rate that is sustained to large plastic strains (similar to 0.5) and at low temperatures. This, in combination with the high frictional forces on dislocations and a propensity for twinning, leads to outstandingly high fracture toughness values (exceeding 200 MPa.m(1/2)) and resistance to shear-band formation under dynamic loading. The critical shear strain for the onset of adiabatic shear band formation is similar to 7 for the Cantor alloy, much higher than that for conventional alloys, suggesting superior ballistic properties. The slower diffusion rates resulting from the multi-element environment contribute to the excellent intermediate temperature performance. We review the principal mechanical properties of these alloys with emphasis on the face-centered cubic systems, such as the CrCoNi-based alloys. Their favorable mechanical properties and ease of processing by conventional means suggest extensive utilization in many future structural applications.
引用
收藏
页码:296 / 345
页数:50
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