Utilizing Hidden Surfaces: End-Cap Removal of Carbon Nanotubes for Improved Lithium Storage

被引:4
|
作者
Kwon, Joon [1 ]
Lee, Won Jun [2 ]
Kim, Sang Ouk [1 ]
机构
[1] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Natl Creat Res Initiat Ctr Multidimens Directed N, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
[2] Dankook Univ, Dept Fiber Syst Engn, Yongin 16890, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea
来源
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C | 2019年 / 123卷 / 10期
关键词
ENERGY; BATTERIES; INSERTION; ELECTRODES; PLASMA; GROWTH; ARRAYS; OXYGEN;
D O I
10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b10567
中图分类号
O64 [物理化学(理论化学)、化学物理学];
学科分类号
070304 ; 081704 ;
摘要
The end-cap removal of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) refers to the structural modification method that makes inner-core spaces and voids between walls accessible. Specifically, the accommodation of alkali metal cations in those hidden surfaces for electrochemical energy storage has been a challenging task. Here we present open-ended vertically aligned CNTs (VA-CNTs) as an ideal structure for Li+ accommodation, which were produced by chemical vapor deposition, followed by CF4 reactive ion etching. A model study suggests a link between Li+ capacity and the surface area, more specifically, allows us to estimate the amount of additional Li+ accommodation, which is 2.3 times increased after end-cap removal. The relatively high capacity (889 mAh/g) has confirmed that open-ended VA-CNTs are highly active for Li+ intercalation as well as exposing interior surfaces, which can be compared to the control (338 mAh/g). The microstructural change observation combined with spectroscopic studies reveals that poor Li+ reversibility stems from the solid-electrolyte interface (SEI) layer formation on the interior and exterior walls of the CNTs, which results in poor initial Coulombic efficiency (similar to 23.3%) and cyclic stability (48.6%) after SO cycles. The significant capacity fades after the first cycle due to the accelerated formation of the SEI layer in the presence of a heteroatom, which degrades Li+ and electron mobility. The exposed inner-core space provides significant increased surface area as expected, but confined inner-core space leads to poor reversibility with channel blockage.
引用
收藏
页码:6220 / 6228
页数:9
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