Molecular electrocatalysts can mediate fast, selective CO2 reduction in a flow cell

Practical electrochemical carbon dioxide (CO2) conversion requires a catalyst capable of mediating the efficient formation of a single product with high selectivity at high current densities. Solid-state electrocatalysts achieve the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) at current densities >= 150 milliamperes per square centimeter (mA/cm(2)), but maintaining high selectivities at high current densities and efficiencies remains a challenge. Molecular CO2 RR catalysts can be designed to achieve high selectivities and low overpotentials but only at current densities irrelevant to commercial operation. We show here that cobalt phthalocyanine, a widely available molecular catalyst, can mediate CO2 to CO formation in a zero-gap membrane flow reactor with selectivities > 95% at 150 mA/cm(2). The revelation that molecular catalysts can work efficiently under these operating conditions illuminates a distinct approach for optimizing CO2RR catalysts and electrolyzers.