Diagnostic Values of Urinary Biomarkers in Early Diagnosis of Diabetic Nephropathy

Background and Objective: The diagnosis of type 2 diabetic nephropathy (T2DN) patients is important to prevent the long-term damaging effects of kidney loss in patients with diabetes. The aim of this study was to explore diagnostic values of Urinary RBP levels, NGAL, ZAG and urinary transferrin in early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy. Materials and Methods: The total sample size was comprised of 400 patients, 300 subjects were of type 2 diabetes mellitus and 100 subjects were considered under the control subjects without any systemic illness. According the ratio of urine and albumin urine creatinine, subjects were further divided into 3 sub-categories: normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria group. Human ELISA kit had been used for the evaluation of Urine urinary RBP, NGAL, Adipokine zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein and urinary transferring. Results: The level of u-NCR, u-RCR, u-ZCR, u-TCR levels in the macroalbuminuria and microalbuminuria were markedly and significantly high when compared with normoalbuminuria and control subjects. So, when the stages of diabetic nephropathy are going critical, the levels of all the biomarkers also increasing in their value. urinary transferrin and RBP have excellent diagnostic accuracy with AUC = 1-0.9. Conclusion: This study concluded that the evaluation of urinary RBP, NGAL, ZAG and urinary transferrin could be use as novel and accurate biomarker for the early diagnosis, clinical monitoring and progression of diabetic nephropathy patients.