Three-dimensional kinematic analysis of upper and lower limb motion during gait of post-stroke patients

The aim of this study was to analyze the alterations of arm and leg movements of patients during stroke gait. Joint angles of upper and lower limbs and spatiotemporal variables were evaluated in two groups: hemiparetic group (HG, 14 hemiparetic men, 53 +/- 10 years) and control group (CG, 7 able-bodied men, 50 +/- 4 years). The statistical analysis was based on the following comparisons (P <= 0.05): 1) right versus left sides of CG; 2) affected (AF) versus unaffected (UF) sides of HG; 3) CG versus both the affected and unaffected sides of HG, and 4) an intracycle comparison of the kinematic continuous angular variables between HG and CG. This study showed that the affected upper limb motion in stroke gait was characterized by a decreased range of motion of the glenohumeral (HG: 6.3 +/- 4.5, CG: 20.1 +/- 8.2) and elbow joints (AF: 8.4 +/- 4.4, UF: 15.6 +/- 7.6) on the sagittal plane and elbow joint flexion throughout the cycle (AF: 68.2 +/- 0.4, CG: 46.8 +/- 2.7). The glenohumeral joint presented a higher abduction angle (AF: 14.2 +/- 1.6, CG: 11.5 +/- 4.0) and a lower external rotation throughout the cycle (AF: 4.6 +/- 1.2, CG: 22.0 +/- 3.0). The lower limbs showed typical alterations of the stroke gait patterns. Thus, the changes in upper and lower limb motion of stroke gait were identified. The description of upper limb motion in stroke gait is new and complements gait analysis.