Turbulence parameters measured by the Beijing mesosphere-stratosphere-troposphere radar in the troposphere and lower stratosphere with three models: comparison and analyses

Based on the quality-controlled observational spectral width data of the Beijing mesosphere-stratosphere-troposphere (MST) radar in the altitudinal range of 319.8 km from 2012 to 2014, this paper analyses the relationship between the proportion of negative turbulent kinetic energy (N-TKE) and the horizontal wind speed and the vertical shear of horizontal wind domain and gives the distributional characteristics of atmospheric turbulence parameters obtained by using different calculation models. Three calculation models of the spectral width method were used in this study - namely the H model (Hocking, 1985), N-2D model (Nastrom, 1997) and D-H model (Dehghan and Hocking, 2011). The results showed that the proportion of N-TKE in the H model, N-2D model and D-H model increases with the horizontal wind speed u and/or the vertical shear of horizontal wind speed partial derivative u/partial derivative z, and the maximum values are 60 %, 45 % and 35 %, respectively. When the vertical bar partial derivative u/partial derivative z vertical bar is greater than 0.006 s(-1), the N-TKE of the H model increases sharply with vertical bar partial derivative u/partial derivative z vertical bar the increase rate is about 20%/0.002s(-1). For these three models, the results are similar except that the vertical shear of the horizontal wind speed is greater than 0.006 s(-1). When partial derivative u/partial derivative z > 0.006 s(-1), the proportion of N-TKE in the N-2D and H models increases with partial derivative u/partial derivative z, while the proportion in the D-H model is less than 10 % and has slight variation. However, it is still necessary to consider the applicability of the N-2D model and D-H model in some weather processes with strong winds. The distributional characteristics with height of the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rates and the vertical eddy diffusion coefficient KZ derived by the three models are consistent with previous studies. Still, there are differences in the values of turbulence parameters. Also, the range resolution of the radar has little effect on the differences in the range of turbulence parameters' values. The median values of epsilon in the H model, N-2D model and D-H model is 10(-3.2)-10(-2.7), 10(-3.0)-10(-2.6) and 10(-3.3)-10(-2.8) m(2) s(-3), respectively. The median values of KZ in these three models are 10(0.3)-10(0.7), 10(0.4)-10(0.7) and 10(0.1)-10(0.5) m(2) s(-1).