Septic Arthritis in the Native Joint

Septic arthritis of the native joint is an uncommon infection but, when present, creates a significant risk for functional impairment of the affected joint or, in severe cases, mortality. Knowledge of the most common pathogens, as well as appropriate diagnostics, can facilitate earlier diagnosis and treatment, which, ideally, leads to improved long-term outcomes. In this article, we discuss recent microbiologic trends and diagnostic tests, with an update on use of molecular testing. Empiric antibiotic regimens for native joint septic arthritis are reviewed, as well as potential new therapies on the horizon.