Temporal Variability of Antibiotics Fluxes in Wastewater and Contribution from Hospitals

被引:43
作者
Coutu, Sylvain [1 ]
Rossi, Luca [1 ]
Barry, D. A. [1 ]
Rudaz, Serge [2 ,3 ]
Vernaz, Nathalie [4 ]
机构
[1] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, ENAC IIE ECOL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
[2] Univ Lausanne, Univ Geneva, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Geneva, Switzerland
[3] Univ Geneva, Swiss Ctr Appl Human Toxicol, Geneva, Switzerland
[4] Univ Hosp Geneva, Dept Pharm, Geneva, Switzerland
来源
PLOS ONE | 2013年 / 8卷 / 01期
基金
瑞士国家科学基金会;
关键词
ENVIRONMENTAL RISK-ASSESSMENT; HUMAN PHARMACEUTICALS; TREATMENT PLANTS; CONSUMPTION; FATE; EXPOSURE; CONTAMINANTS; EFFLUENTS; RESIDUES;
D O I
10.1371/journal.pone.0053592
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Significant quantities of antibiotics are used in all parts of the globe to treat diseases with bacterial origins. After ingestion, antibiotics are excreted by the patient and transmitted in due course to the aquatic environment. This study examined temporal fluctuations (monthly time scale) in antibiotic sources (ambulatory sales and data from a hospital dispensary) for Lausanne, Switzerland. Source variability (i.e., antibiotic consumption, monthly data for 2006-2010) were examined in detail for nine antibiotics - azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, clindamycin, metronidazole, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim, from which two main conclusions were reached. First, some substances - azithromycin, clarithromycin, ciprofloxacin - displayed high seasonality in their consumption, with the winter peak being up to three times higher than the summer minimum. This seasonality in consumption resulted in seasonality in Predicted Environmental Concentrations (PECs). In addition, the seasonality in PECs was also influenced by that in the base wastewater flow. Second, the contribution of hospitals to the total load of antibiotics reaching the Lausanne Wastewater Treatment Plant (WTP) fluctuated markedly on a monthly time scale, but with no seasonal pattern detected. That is, there was no connection between fluctuations in ambulatory and hospital consumption for the substances investigated.
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页数:8
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