Cell Cycle Genes Are Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Background. The cell cycle pathway genes are comprised of 113 members which are critical to the maintenance of cell cycle and survival of tumor cells. This study was performed to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic values of cell cycle gene expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients.Methods. Clinical features and cell cycle pathway gene expression data were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas databases. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were determined by the studentt-test between HCC and noncancerous samples. Kaplan-Meier survival, univariate, and multivariate survival analyses and validation analysis were performed to characterize the associations between cell cycle gene expression and patients' overall survival and recurrence-free survival.Results. 47 and 5 genes were significantly upregulated and downregulated genes in HCC samples, respectively. The high expression ofBUB3,CDK1, andCHEK1was associated with increased mortality (adjustedPvalue = 0.04, odds ratio (OR): 1.89 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04-3.46); adjustedPvalue = 0.02, OR: 2.06 (95% CI:1.15-3.75); and adjustedPvalue = 0.04, OR: 1.84 (%95 CI: 1.03-3.32), respectively). The expression ofPTTG2andRAD21was significantly associated with cancer recurrence (adjustedPvalue = 0.01, OR: 2.17 (95% CI: 1.24-3.86); adjustedPvalue = 0.03, OR: 1.88[95% CI:1.08-3.28], respectively), while the low expression ofMAD1L1was associated with cancer recurrence (adjustedPvalue = 0.03, OR: 0.53 (%95 CI: 0.3-0.93)).Conclusions. The present study demonstrated thatBUB3,CDK1, andCHEK1may serve as a prognostic biomarker for HCC patients.PTTG2,RAD21, andMAD1L1expression is a major factor affecting the recurrence of HCC patients.