The Korean traditional medicine Gyeongshingangjeehwan inhibits obesity through the regulation of leptin and PPARα action in OLETF rats

Gyeongshingangjeehwan (GGEx), which comprises Liriope platyphylla F.T. Wang & T. Tang (Liliaceae), Platycodon grandiflorum A. DC. (Campanulaceae), Schisandra chinensis K. Koch (Magnoliaceae), and Ephedra sinica Stapf (Ephedraceae), has traditionally been used as an anti-obesity drug in Korean local clinics, although there is no evidence concerning the scientific analyses of its effects and mechanism(s) of action. Thus, we investigated the effects of GGEx on obesity, as well as the mechanism by which GGEx functions, in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) male rats. Compared with obese OLETF control rats, administration of GGEx for 8 weeks significantly decreased food intake and plasma leptin levels as well as body weight gain and abdominal fat in OLETF rats. GGEx treatment not only decreased circulating triglycerides, but also inhibited lipid accumulation in the liver. GGEx increased the hepatic mRNA levels of PPAR alpha target genes responsible for fatty acid P-oxidation. Consistent with the in vivo data, GGEx elevated PPAR alpha reporter gene expression in NMu2Li liver cells. These results suggest that GGEx may effectively prevent obesity and hypertriglyceridemia in part through the inhibition of feeding and the activation of hepatic PPAR alpha. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.