Leaf-inspired artificial microvascular networks (LIAMN) for three-dimensional cell culture

Construction of vascular architecture capable of distributing oxygen and nutrients is critically important for 3D cell culture. Here, we demonstrate leaf-inspired artificial microvascular networks (LIAMN) that serve as an effective perfusion system for 3D cell culture in hydrogel constructs. Because cell-containing hydrogel constructs with desired thickness can be constructed using embedded LIAMN layers, our strategy paves a new avenue to engineering effective vascular transport system for 3D cell culture and the development of functional artificial organs.