Investigation and Assessment of the Impacts of Reverse Power Flow on Power System Network Loading under High Penetration of Wind Energy

This paper investigates and analyzes the impacts of reverse power flow on the power system connecting elements (transformers and cables). For effective investigation and analysis, the paper groups the network under investigation into Zones A and B. Zone A is directly connected to a wind farm. Zone B is far from the wind farm. Different wind energy penetration levels are simulated. The results show that the elements experience reverse power flow at different penetration levels depending on their location and distance from the point of common coupling. Reverse power flow incurs additional element losses. In Zone A, loading and losses increase with reverse power flow, while Zone B experiences loss reduction with increase in reverse power flow. The elements operate within acceptable thermal ratings.