Synthesis and characterization of barium titanate nano-powders by the hydrothermal process.

Barium titanate (BaTiO(3)) nano-particles with high crystalinity were synthesized by hydrothermal process using Ba(OH)(2)(.)8H(2)O and TiO(2) as source materials. The average size of the synthesized BaTiO(3) particles decreased as the TiO(2) particle size decreased. The amount of hydroxide ions incorporated into the perovskite lattice decreased as the BaTiO(3) particle size increased and then became constant above 50 nm. Moreover, the ratio of the c- to a-axis length increased when the BaTiO(3) particle size was above 50 nm. Sintered ceramics with a grain size smaller than 100 nm were obtained by using highly crystallized hydrothermal BaTiO(3) particles.