Utility of radiomics based on contrast-enhanced CT and clinical data in the differentiation of benign and malignant gallbladder polypoid lesions

Purpose To develop and validate a novel method based on radiomics for the preoperative differentiation of benign and malignant gallbladder polypoid lesions (PLG). Patients and methods A total of 145 patients with pathological proven gallbladder polypoid lesions >= 1 cm were included in this retrospective study. All the patients underwent abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) examinations 3 weeks before cholecystectomy from January 2013 to January 2019. Seventy percent of the cases were randomly selected for the training dataset, and 30% of the cases were independently used for testing. Radiomics features extracted from portal venous-phase CT of the PLG and clinical features were analyzed, and the LASSO regression algorithm was used for data dimension reduction. Multivariable logistic regression was used to generate radiomics signatures, clinical signatures, and combination signatures. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and decision curve were plotted to assess the differentiating performance of the three signatures. Results The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the radiomics signature and clinical signature was 0.924 and 0.861 in the testing dataset, respectively. For the radiomics signature, the accuracy was 88.6%, with 88.0% specificity and 89.5% sensitivity. When combined, the AUC was 0.931, the specificity was 84.0%, and the sensitivity was 89.5%. The differences between the AUC values of the two sole models and the combination model were statistically nonsignificant. Conclusion Radiomics based on CT images can be helpful to differentiate benign and malignant gallbladder polyps >= 1 cm in size.