Microchip Capillary Electrophoresis with Amperometric Detection

Micochip capillary electrophoresis with amperometric detection (mu CE-AD) has attracted increasing interest due to the features offered by amperometric detection, such as high sensitivity, low cost and power consumption, inherent miniaturization and portability, and compatibility with microfabrication technologies. This article reviews on recent advances in mu CE-AD systems, including microchip design, fabrication of integrated electrodes, elimination of high-voltage interference with the detection. Field-non-isolating detection, electrode array and channel array, application of chemically modified electrodes, novel approaches for sample injection, and on-chip sample preparation are also discussed. The future development of the mu CE-AD is foreseen.