The pathophysiology and management of writer's cramp is one of the most challenging amongst the various forms of focal dystonias. Frequently, the dystonic postures are confounded by compensatory muscle activity. Correct identification of target muscles for botulinum toxin (BT) injections determines the treatment success. The dosages of different preparations vary, with 1 unit of Botox (R) roughly equalling 3.5 units of Dysport (R). Electromyographic guided injections yield better results and may also decrease the amount of toxin required. Weakness of target muscles interfering with other non-writing activities is a frequently encountered adverse effect. Studies have shown that BT is a safe long-term therapy option.
机构:
Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol Sci, Sect Parkinson Dis & Movement Disorders, Chicago, IL 60612 USARush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol Sci, Sect Parkinson Dis & Movement Disorders, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
机构:
Hop Necker Enfants Malad, Paris, FranceUniv Paris 05, Opital Sainte Anne, Ctr Psychiatrie Neurosci, INSERM U894, Paris, France
Soulez-La-Riviere, Laure
Baizabal-Carvallo, Jose Fidel
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UPMC Univ Pierre & Marie Curie, Hop Pitie Salpetriere, Paris, FranceUniv Paris 05, Opital Sainte Anne, Ctr Psychiatrie Neurosci, INSERM U894, Paris, France
Baizabal-Carvallo, Jose Fidel
Guignier, Francoise
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Univ Paris 05, Opital Sainte Anne, Ctr Psychiatrie Neurosci, INSERM U894, Paris, FranceUniv Paris 05, Opital Sainte Anne, Ctr Psychiatrie Neurosci, INSERM U894, Paris, France
Guignier, Francoise
Cambriel, Claire
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机构:Univ Paris 05, Opital Sainte Anne, Ctr Psychiatrie Neurosci, INSERM U894, Paris, France
Cambriel, Claire
Sangla, Sophie
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机构:Univ Paris 05, Opital Sainte Anne, Ctr Psychiatrie Neurosci, INSERM U894, Paris, France
Sangla, Sophie
Grabli, David
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CRICM, CNRS, ICM UPMC INSERM UMR 1127, UMR7225, Paris, FranceUniv Paris 05, Opital Sainte Anne, Ctr Psychiatrie Neurosci, INSERM U894, Paris, France
Grabli, David
Roze, Emmanuel
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CRICM, CNRS, ICM UPMC INSERM UMR 1127, UMR7225, Paris, FranceUniv Paris 05, Opital Sainte Anne, Ctr Psychiatrie Neurosci, INSERM U894, Paris, France
Roze, Emmanuel
Mesure, Serge
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Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Inst Sci Mouvement, UMR 7287, Aix En Provence, FranceUniv Paris 05, Opital Sainte Anne, Ctr Psychiatrie Neurosci, INSERM U894, Paris, France
Mesure, Serge
Vidailhet, Marie
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CRICM, CNRS, ICM UPMC INSERM UMR 1127, UMR7225, Paris, FranceUniv Paris 05, Opital Sainte Anne, Ctr Psychiatrie Neurosci, INSERM U894, Paris, France