New strategies for brood stock management of sturgeon in the Sea of Azov basin in response to changes in patterns of spawning migration

The sturgeon stock in the Sea of Azov is presently maintained by artificial reproduction allowing for the harvest of sturgeons in this basin. Shortened spawning migrations in regulated rivers and long-term artificial selection of the ripest fish at the hatcheries have resulted in high functional maturity of sturgeon spawners in the sea near the river mouth. The traditional technology of artificial sturgeon reproduction is non-effective under modern ecological conditions. The use of ecological and hormonal methods to control seasonal propagation of stellate sturgeon, A.stellatus, Russian sturgeon, A.gueldenstaedti, beluga, Huso huso, and sterlet, A.ruthenus, make it possible to stagger the sexual cycle of breeders from the various biological groups for early (5 months) or later (6 months) spawning. Use of these methods preserves the natural heterogeneity of sturgeon populations maintained through stocking, and also allows for a considerable increase in the quantity of fry reared at the same production base. The use of the synthetic analogue of mammalian gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Gn-RHa) is better for inducing maturity of the ripest brood fishes, especially for stellate sturgeon, in comparison with the traditional pituitary injections. The schedule of injections was determined for the various species and seasons of spawning. Short-term rearing of larvae in ponds (no more than 15 days) and subsequent adaptation to sea water in brackish lagoons (1-5 parts per thousand) allows for repeated use of nursery ponds in sturgeon hatcheries and a considerable increase in the quantity and survival of sturgeon juveniles in the sea. The restoration of the sturgeon population structure in the Sea of Azov is not possible without developing a genetic collection of the fish under a controlled culture regime.