Anatomy and biomechanics of distal radius fractures: A literature review

Distal radius fractures remain the most frequent fractures in the adult. Associated osteoporosis increases morbidity risk (secondary displacement is the most frequent) and mortality risk (in women older than 60). Severity of the fracture and functional results are related to the bone mineral density. Anatomy has been recently revisited with better description of palmar and dorsal aspects in order to avoid material-related complications. Standard postero-anterior, lateral and oblique radiographs of the wrist show the fracture and the displacement. CT scan is warranted if conventional X-rays are insufficient to show the articular surface. The involvement of the metaphysis (comminution), the epiphysis (articular fracture) and the ulna is different in each case and each fracture is an association of these three components. The MEU classification describes the fracture with sufficient inter-observer reliability and intra-observer reproducibility to be a useful tool for treatment and prognosis. The PAF system is used to propose the most appropriate treatment for each patient. Anatomical reduction and stable fixation are associated with good functional results but in high demanding patients. (C) 2012 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.