Ferulic Acid Inhibits Gamma Radiation-Induced DNA Strand Breaks and Enhances the Survival of Mice

Ferulic acid (FA) is a monophenolic phenylpropanoid occurring in plant products such as rice bran, green tea, and coffee beans. It has been shown to have significant antioxidant effects in many studies. In the present study, we show that intraperitoneal administration of FA at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight 1 hour prior to or immediately after whole-body gamma-irradiation of mice with 4 Gy results in considerable reduction in the micronuclei formation in peripheral blood reticulocytes. Administration of the same amount of FA immediately after 4Gy gamma-irradiation showed significant decrease in the amount of DNA strand breaks in murine peripheral blood leukocytes and bone marrow cells as examined by comet assay. Further, immunostaining of mouse splenic lymphocytes for phspho-gamma H2AX was carried out, and it was observed that FA inhibits the gamma H2AX foci formation. Finally, the survival of mice upon 6, 8, and 10 Gy gamma-ray exposure was monitored. FA enhances the survival of mice by a factor of 2.5 at a dose of 6Gy gamma-radiation but not at higher doses. In conclusion, FA has protective potential in both pre- and postirradiation exposure scenarios and enhances the survival of mice possibly by decreasing DNA damage as examined by gamma H2AX foci, micronuclei formation, and comet assay.