Evaluating the Network Communication Delay with WAMS for Multi-energy Complementary Systems

A key infrastructure component of phasor-based wide-area monitoring and control systems (WAMCS) for multi-energy systems is the requirement that the practical network communication should not only be reliable but also sufficiently effective to ensure real time monitoring and fast control. However, the rise in the deployment of phasor measurement units (PMUs) has increased the effective attack surface available to attackers and wide area measurement system (WAMS) applications. Such applications have strict and stringent delay request, e.g. end to end delay as well as delay variation between measurements from different PMUs. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposed that the communication network hierarchy is an effective method for evaluating latency by considering the dynamic characteristics of the PMU data stream in the WAMS. Compared with the existing methods, where the upper bound of delay was given, the proposed method is approximated to the real latency in order to enhance the performance of the controller by considering the delay compensation. In this paper, a three-layer hierarchical distributed topology structure of the WAMS communication network was therefore constructed. Using the dynamic characteristics of time-division grading and sampling intervals with the PMU data stream of the WAMS communication network, the network calculus algorithm was exploited to assess the latency of the dynamic PMU data stream for a 50 Hz power system. Finally, an OPNET-based three-layer communication network simulation model was established. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, the results from a simulation controller are presented.