The epidemiology of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is reviewed with particular reference to the definition, frequency, time course, natural history and seasonality, and their relationship with decline in lung function, disease severity and mortality. The importance of distinguishing between recurrent and relapsed exacerbations is discussed.
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St Bartholomews Hosp, St Bartholomews & Royal London Sch Med & Dent, London EC1A 7BE, EnglandSt Bartholomews Hosp, St Bartholomews & Royal London Sch Med & Dent, London EC1A 7BE, England
Bhowmik, A
Seemungal, TAR
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St Bartholomews Hosp, St Bartholomews & Royal London Sch Med & Dent, London EC1A 7BE, EnglandSt Bartholomews Hosp, St Bartholomews & Royal London Sch Med & Dent, London EC1A 7BE, England
Seemungal, TAR
Sapsford, RJ
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St Bartholomews Hosp, St Bartholomews & Royal London Sch Med & Dent, London EC1A 7BE, EnglandSt Bartholomews Hosp, St Bartholomews & Royal London Sch Med & Dent, London EC1A 7BE, England
Sapsford, RJ
Wedzicha, JA
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St Bartholomews Hosp, St Bartholomews & Royal London Sch Med & Dent, London EC1A 7BE, EnglandSt Bartholomews Hosp, St Bartholomews & Royal London Sch Med & Dent, London EC1A 7BE, England
机构:
United Christian Hosp, Dept Med & Geriatr, Div Resp Med, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R ChinaUnited Christian Hosp, Dept Med & Geriatr, Div Resp Med, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
Chu, CM
Chan, VL
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机构:United Christian Hosp, Dept Med & Geriatr, Div Resp Med, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
Chan, VL
Lin, AWN
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机构:United Christian Hosp, Dept Med & Geriatr, Div Resp Med, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
Lin, AWN
Wong, IWY
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机构:United Christian Hosp, Dept Med & Geriatr, Div Resp Med, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
Wong, IWY
Leung, WS
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机构:United Christian Hosp, Dept Med & Geriatr, Div Resp Med, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
Leung, WS
Lai, CKW
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机构:United Christian Hosp, Dept Med & Geriatr, Div Resp Med, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
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St Bartholomews & Royal London Sch Med & Dent, Acad Unit Resp Med, London, EnglandSt Bartholomews & Royal London Sch Med & Dent, Acad Unit Resp Med, London, England
Donaldson, GC
Wilkinson, TMA
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St Bartholomews & Royal London Sch Med & Dent, Acad Unit Resp Med, London, EnglandSt Bartholomews & Royal London Sch Med & Dent, Acad Unit Resp Med, London, England
Wilkinson, TMA
Hurst, JR
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St Bartholomews & Royal London Sch Med & Dent, Acad Unit Resp Med, London, EnglandSt Bartholomews & Royal London Sch Med & Dent, Acad Unit Resp Med, London, England
Hurst, JR
Perera, WR
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St Bartholomews & Royal London Sch Med & Dent, Acad Unit Resp Med, London, EnglandSt Bartholomews & Royal London Sch Med & Dent, Acad Unit Resp Med, London, England
Perera, WR
Wedzicha, JA
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St Bartholomews & Royal London Sch Med & Dent, Acad Unit Resp Med, London, EnglandSt Bartholomews & Royal London Sch Med & Dent, Acad Unit Resp Med, London, England
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St Bartholomews & RoyalLondon Sch Med & Dent, Acad Unit Resp Med, London, EnglandSt Bartholomews & RoyalLondon Sch Med & Dent, Acad Unit Resp Med, London, England
Donaldson, GC
Seemungal, TAR
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St Bartholomews & RoyalLondon Sch Med & Dent, Acad Unit Resp Med, London, EnglandSt Bartholomews & RoyalLondon Sch Med & Dent, Acad Unit Resp Med, London, England
Seemungal, TAR
Patel, IS
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St Bartholomews & RoyalLondon Sch Med & Dent, Acad Unit Resp Med, London, EnglandSt Bartholomews & RoyalLondon Sch Med & Dent, Acad Unit Resp Med, London, England
Patel, IS
Lloyd-Owen, SJ
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St Bartholomews & RoyalLondon Sch Med & Dent, Acad Unit Resp Med, London, EnglandSt Bartholomews & RoyalLondon Sch Med & Dent, Acad Unit Resp Med, London, England
Lloyd-Owen, SJ
Wilkinson, TMA
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St Bartholomews & RoyalLondon Sch Med & Dent, Acad Unit Resp Med, London, EnglandSt Bartholomews & RoyalLondon Sch Med & Dent, Acad Unit Resp Med, London, England
Wilkinson, TMA
Wedzicha, JA
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St Bartholomews & RoyalLondon Sch Med & Dent, Acad Unit Resp Med, London, EnglandSt Bartholomews & RoyalLondon Sch Med & Dent, Acad Unit Resp Med, London, England
机构:
St Bartholomews & Royal London Sch Med & Dent, Acad Unit Resp Med, London EC1A 7BE, EnglandSt Bartholomews & Royal London Sch Med & Dent, Acad Unit Resp Med, London EC1A 7BE, England
Donaldson, GC
Seemungal, TAR
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h-index: 0
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St Bartholomews & Royal London Sch Med & Dent, Acad Unit Resp Med, London EC1A 7BE, EnglandSt Bartholomews & Royal London Sch Med & Dent, Acad Unit Resp Med, London EC1A 7BE, England
Seemungal, TAR
Bhowmik, A
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St Bartholomews & Royal London Sch Med & Dent, Acad Unit Resp Med, London EC1A 7BE, EnglandSt Bartholomews & Royal London Sch Med & Dent, Acad Unit Resp Med, London EC1A 7BE, England
Bhowmik, A
Wedzicha, JA
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St Bartholomews & Royal London Sch Med & Dent, Acad Unit Resp Med, London EC1A 7BE, EnglandSt Bartholomews & Royal London Sch Med & Dent, Acad Unit Resp Med, London EC1A 7BE, England
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St Bartholomews Hosp, St Bartholomews & Royal London Sch Med & Dent, London EC1A 7BE, EnglandSt Bartholomews Hosp, St Bartholomews & Royal London Sch Med & Dent, London EC1A 7BE, England
Bhowmik, A
Seemungal, TAR
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St Bartholomews Hosp, St Bartholomews & Royal London Sch Med & Dent, London EC1A 7BE, EnglandSt Bartholomews Hosp, St Bartholomews & Royal London Sch Med & Dent, London EC1A 7BE, England
Seemungal, TAR
Sapsford, RJ
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St Bartholomews Hosp, St Bartholomews & Royal London Sch Med & Dent, London EC1A 7BE, EnglandSt Bartholomews Hosp, St Bartholomews & Royal London Sch Med & Dent, London EC1A 7BE, England
Sapsford, RJ
Wedzicha, JA
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St Bartholomews Hosp, St Bartholomews & Royal London Sch Med & Dent, London EC1A 7BE, EnglandSt Bartholomews Hosp, St Bartholomews & Royal London Sch Med & Dent, London EC1A 7BE, England
机构:
United Christian Hosp, Dept Med & Geriatr, Div Resp Med, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R ChinaUnited Christian Hosp, Dept Med & Geriatr, Div Resp Med, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
Chu, CM
Chan, VL
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h-index: 0
机构:United Christian Hosp, Dept Med & Geriatr, Div Resp Med, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
Chan, VL
Lin, AWN
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h-index: 0
机构:United Christian Hosp, Dept Med & Geriatr, Div Resp Med, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
Lin, AWN
Wong, IWY
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h-index: 0
机构:United Christian Hosp, Dept Med & Geriatr, Div Resp Med, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
Wong, IWY
Leung, WS
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机构:United Christian Hosp, Dept Med & Geriatr, Div Resp Med, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
Leung, WS
Lai, CKW
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机构:United Christian Hosp, Dept Med & Geriatr, Div Resp Med, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
机构:
St Bartholomews & Royal London Sch Med & Dent, Acad Unit Resp Med, London, EnglandSt Bartholomews & Royal London Sch Med & Dent, Acad Unit Resp Med, London, England
Donaldson, GC
Wilkinson, TMA
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h-index: 0
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St Bartholomews & Royal London Sch Med & Dent, Acad Unit Resp Med, London, EnglandSt Bartholomews & Royal London Sch Med & Dent, Acad Unit Resp Med, London, England
Wilkinson, TMA
Hurst, JR
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St Bartholomews & Royal London Sch Med & Dent, Acad Unit Resp Med, London, EnglandSt Bartholomews & Royal London Sch Med & Dent, Acad Unit Resp Med, London, England
Hurst, JR
Perera, WR
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h-index: 0
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St Bartholomews & Royal London Sch Med & Dent, Acad Unit Resp Med, London, EnglandSt Bartholomews & Royal London Sch Med & Dent, Acad Unit Resp Med, London, England
Perera, WR
Wedzicha, JA
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St Bartholomews & Royal London Sch Med & Dent, Acad Unit Resp Med, London, EnglandSt Bartholomews & Royal London Sch Med & Dent, Acad Unit Resp Med, London, England
机构:
St Bartholomews & RoyalLondon Sch Med & Dent, Acad Unit Resp Med, London, EnglandSt Bartholomews & RoyalLondon Sch Med & Dent, Acad Unit Resp Med, London, England
Donaldson, GC
Seemungal, TAR
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h-index: 0
机构:
St Bartholomews & RoyalLondon Sch Med & Dent, Acad Unit Resp Med, London, EnglandSt Bartholomews & RoyalLondon Sch Med & Dent, Acad Unit Resp Med, London, England
Seemungal, TAR
Patel, IS
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h-index: 0
机构:
St Bartholomews & RoyalLondon Sch Med & Dent, Acad Unit Resp Med, London, EnglandSt Bartholomews & RoyalLondon Sch Med & Dent, Acad Unit Resp Med, London, England
Patel, IS
Lloyd-Owen, SJ
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h-index: 0
机构:
St Bartholomews & RoyalLondon Sch Med & Dent, Acad Unit Resp Med, London, EnglandSt Bartholomews & RoyalLondon Sch Med & Dent, Acad Unit Resp Med, London, England
Lloyd-Owen, SJ
Wilkinson, TMA
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h-index: 0
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St Bartholomews & RoyalLondon Sch Med & Dent, Acad Unit Resp Med, London, EnglandSt Bartholomews & RoyalLondon Sch Med & Dent, Acad Unit Resp Med, London, England
Wilkinson, TMA
Wedzicha, JA
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St Bartholomews & RoyalLondon Sch Med & Dent, Acad Unit Resp Med, London, EnglandSt Bartholomews & RoyalLondon Sch Med & Dent, Acad Unit Resp Med, London, England
机构:
St Bartholomews & Royal London Sch Med & Dent, Acad Unit Resp Med, London EC1A 7BE, EnglandSt Bartholomews & Royal London Sch Med & Dent, Acad Unit Resp Med, London EC1A 7BE, England
Donaldson, GC
Seemungal, TAR
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h-index: 0
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St Bartholomews & Royal London Sch Med & Dent, Acad Unit Resp Med, London EC1A 7BE, EnglandSt Bartholomews & Royal London Sch Med & Dent, Acad Unit Resp Med, London EC1A 7BE, England
Seemungal, TAR
Bhowmik, A
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h-index: 0
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St Bartholomews & Royal London Sch Med & Dent, Acad Unit Resp Med, London EC1A 7BE, EnglandSt Bartholomews & Royal London Sch Med & Dent, Acad Unit Resp Med, London EC1A 7BE, England
Bhowmik, A
Wedzicha, JA
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h-index: 0
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St Bartholomews & Royal London Sch Med & Dent, Acad Unit Resp Med, London EC1A 7BE, EnglandSt Bartholomews & Royal London Sch Med & Dent, Acad Unit Resp Med, London EC1A 7BE, England