A review on three-dimensional eletrochemical systems: analysis of influencing parameters and cleaner approach mechanism for wastewater

In recent times, three-dimensional (3D) electrochemical technology was seen as efficient treatment in treating wastewater. 3D-system was found to be more superior to two-dimensional (2D) system due to its large surface area and short mass transfer distance. This paper mainly focuses on the major main electrodes as well as particle electrodes utilised so far. The mechanism involved in 3D electrochemical reactor, its advantages and the structure of this 3D system have been discussed. The influencing operating parameter such as pH, current density, circulation flow, inter-electrode distance, hydraulic retention time, initial pollutant concentration, particle electrode dosage was discussed. The synergic effects due to the involvement of particle electrode were also discussed. The usage of 3D-system as pre-treatment as well as combined system was presented in detail.