Evidence for Astrophysical Muon Neutrinos from the Northern Sky with IceCube

被引:274
作者
Aartsen, M. G. [2 ]
Abraham, K. [35 ]
Ackermann, M. [53 ]
Adams, J. [16 ]
Aguilar, J. A. [13 ]
Ahlers, M. [31 ,32 ]
Ahrens, M. [43 ,44 ]
Altmann, D. [25 ]
Anderson, T. [50 ]
Archinger, M. [33 ]
Arguelles, C. [31 ,32 ]
Arlen, T. C. [50 ]
Auffenberg, J. [1 ]
Bai, X. [41 ]
Barwick, S. W. [28 ]
Baum, V. [33 ]
Bay, R. [8 ]
Beatty, J. J. [18 ,19 ,20 ]
Tjus, J. Becker [11 ]
Becker, K. -H. [52 ]
Beiser, E. [31 ,32 ]
BenZvi, S. [31 ,32 ]
Berghaus, P. [53 ]
Berley, D. [17 ]
Bernardini, E. [53 ]
Bernhard, A. [35 ]
Besson, D. Z. [29 ]
Binder, G. [8 ,9 ]
Bindig, D. [52 ]
Bissok, M. [1 ]
Blaufuss, E. [17 ]
Blumenthal, J. [1 ]
Boersma, D. J. [51 ]
Bohm, C. [43 ,44 ]
Boerner, M. [22 ]
Bos, F. [11 ]
Bose, D. [46 ]
Boeser, S. [33 ]
Botner, O. [51 ]
Braun, J. [31 ,32 ]
Brayeur, L. [14 ]
Bretz, H. -P. [53 ]
Brown, A. M. [16 ]
Buzinsky, N. [24 ]
Casey, J. [5 ,6 ]
Casier, M. [14 ]
Cheung, E. [17 ]
Chirkin, D. [31 ,32 ]
Christov, A. [26 ]
Christy, B. [17 ]
机构
[1] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
[2] Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
[3] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Phys & Astron, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA
[4] Clark Atlanta Univ, CTSPS, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA
[5] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
[6] Georgia Inst Technol, Ctr Relativist Astrophys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
[7] Southern Univ, Dept Phys, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA
[8] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
[9] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
[10] Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
[11] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Fak Phys & Astron, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
[12] Univ Bonn, Phys Inst, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
[13] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Fac Sci, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
[14] Vrije Univ Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
[15] Chiba Univ, Dept Phys, Chiba 2638522, Japan
[16] Univ Canterbury, Dept Phys & Astron, Christchurch 1, New Zealand
[17] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA
[18] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
[19] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cosmol & Astro Particle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
[20] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
[21] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
[22] TU Dortmund Univ, Dept Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
[23] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA
[24] Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
[25] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
[26] Univ Geneva, Dept phys Nucl & Corpusculaire, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
[27] Univ Ghent, Dept Phys & Astron, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
[28] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
[29] Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA
[30] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA
[31] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA
[32] Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA
[33] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
[34] Univ Mons, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
[35] Tech Univ Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
[36] Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA
[37] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA
[38] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
[39] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3NP, England
[40] Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
[41] South Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Phys Dept, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
[42] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, River Falls, WI 54022 USA
[43] Stockholm Univ, Oskar Klein Ctr, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
[44] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
[45] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
[46] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Phys, Suwon 440746, South Korea
[47] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada
[48] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA
[49] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA
[50] Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA
基金
新加坡国家研究基金会; 瑞典研究理事会; 美国国家科学基金会; 瑞士国家科学基金会; 加拿大自然科学与工程研究理事会; 澳大利亚研究理事会;
关键词
HIGH-ENERGY NEUTRINOS; GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; ATMOSPHERIC MUON; SPECTRUM; FLUXES; RATIO;
D O I
10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.081102
中图分类号
O4 [物理学];
学科分类号
0702 ;
摘要
Results from the IceCube Neutrino Observatory have recently provided compelling evidence for the existence of a high energy astrophysical neutrino flux utilizing a dominantly Southern Hemisphere data set consisting primarily of nu(e) and nu(tau) charged-current and neutral-current ( cascade) neutrino interactions. In the analysis presented here, a data sample of approximately 35 000 muon neutrinos from the Northern sky is extracted from data taken during 659.5 days of live time recorded between May 2010 and May 2012. While this sample is composed primarily of neutrinos produced by cosmic ray interactions in Earth's atmosphere, the highest energy events are inconsistent with a hypothesis of solely terrestrial origin at 3.7 sigma significance. These neutrinos can, however, be explained by an astrophysical flux per neutrino flavor at a level of Phi(E-nu) = 9.9(-3.4)(+3.9) x 10(-19) GeV-1 cm(-2) sr(-1) s(-1) (E-nu/100 TeV)(-2), consistent with IceCube's Southern-Hemisphere-dominated result. Additionally, a fit for an astrophysical flux with an arbitrary spectral index is performed. We find a spectral index of 2.2(-0.2)(+0.2), which is also in good agreement with the Southern Hemisphere result.
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页数:7
相关论文
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