Effects of Soil Components and Liming Effect of CCA-Wood Ash upon Leaching of Cu, Cr, and As from CCA-Wood Ash in Ultisol Soil

The burning of wood that has been chemically treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA) produces an ash containing high concentrations of copper, chromium, and arsenic (CCA-metals). The rainwater-leaching of these metals from burn sites can produce increased soil and water contamination. Soil systems have varying natural abilities to retard leaching and they also impact metals speciation and toxicity through sorption, conversion, and sedimentation-related mechanisms. Recent regulations restricting the use of CCA-treatment have resulted in increased quantities of CCA-treated lumber entering the waste stream, making studies of metals leaching from CCA-wood ash and soil/CCA-wood ash systems important areas of investigation. Wood ash composition, soil composition, and CCA-metals speciation are all important factors determining the degree of the metal mobility in a soil system containing metals leached from CCA-wood ash. The CCA-metals composition of CCA-wood ash was determined by analytical methods. Both pH and batch leaching studies were used to postulate mobility mechanisms within the CCA-wood ash/soil system. The contrasting effects of untreated-wood ash and CCA-wood ash on soil components are presented in order to assess the potential for enhancement of immobilization mechanisms that increase the soil system retardance of CCA-metals mobility. Results of this investigation show that the Ultisol test soil retards the mobility of As and Cr compared to CCA-wood ash alone, while Cu mobility is increased in the presence of the Ultisol test soil. Experimental results show that the alkalinity of a CCA-wood ash/Ultisol soil system is lower than that of an untreated-wood ash/Ultisol soil system. This indicates a difference in chemical composition and the potential consumption of hydroxyl ions during treatment by the retardance mechanisms affecting Cr and As mobility. Therefore, the study of these contaminated soil systems and the potential enhancement of immobilization mechanisms are important areas of investigation.