Climate change in Brazil: perspective on the biogeochemistry of inland waters

被引:45
作者
Roland, F. [1 ]
Huszar, V. L. M. [2 ]
Farjalla, V. F. [3 ]
Enrich-Prast, A. [3 ]
Amado, A. M. [4 ]
Ometto, J. P. H. B. [5 ]
机构
[1] Fed Univ Juiz de Fora UFJF, BR-36036900 Juiz De Fora, MG, Brazil
[2] Fed Univ Rio de Janeiro UFRJ, Natl Museum, BR-20940040 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
[3] Fed Univ Rio de Janeiro UFRJ, BR-21941901 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
[4] Federal Univ Rio Grande N UFRN, BR-59014100 Natal, RN, Brazil
[5] Natl Inst Space Res, BR-12227010 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil
关键词
tropical limnology; biogeochemical cycles; inland waters; ORGANIC-CARBON; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; METHANE FORMATION; SOUTH-AMERICA; TEMPERATURE; LAKES; RESERVOIRS; GROWTH; STATE; MINERALIZATION;
D O I
10.1590/S1519-69842012000400009
中图分类号
Q [生物科学];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Although only a small amount of the Earth's water exists as continental surface water bodies, this compartment plays an important role in the biogeochemical cycles connecting the land to the atmosphere. The territory of Brazil encompasses a dense river net and enormous number of shallow lakes. Human actions have been heavily influenced by the inland waters across the country. Both biodiversity and processes in the water are strongly driven by seasonal fluvial forces and/or precipitation. These macro drivers are sensitive to climate changes. In addition to their crucial importance to humans, inland waters are extremely rich ecosystems, harboring high biodiversity, promoting landscape equilibrium (connecting ecosystems, maintaining animal and plant flows in the landscape, and transferring mass, nutrients and inocula), and controlling regional climates through hydrological-cycle feedback. In this contribution, we describe the aquatic ecological responses to climate change in a conceptual perspective, and we then analyze the possible climate-change scenarios in different regions in Brazil. We also indentify some potential biogeochemical signals in running waters, natural lakes and man-made impoundments. The possible future changes in climate and aquatic ecosystems in Brazil are highly uncertain. Inland waters are pressured by local environmental changes because of land uses, landscape fragmentation, damming and diversion of water bodies, urbanization, wastewater load, and level of pollutants can alter biogeochemical patterns in inland waters over a shorter term than can climate changes. In fact, many intense environmental changes may enhance the effects of changes in climate. Therefore, the maintenance of key elements within the landscape and avoiding extreme perturbation in the systems are urgent to maintain the sustainability of Brazilian inland waters, in order to prevent more catastrophic future events.
引用
收藏
页码:709 / 722
页数:14
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