An updated evolutionary classification of CRISPR-Cas systems

被引：1768

作者：

Makarova, Kira S. ^{[1
]}

Wolf, Yuri I. ^{[1
]}

Alkhnbashi, Omer S. ^{[2
]}

Costa, Fabrizio ^{[2
]}

Shah, Shiraz A. ^{[3
]}

Saunders, Sita J. ^{[2
]}

Barrangou, Rodolphe ^{[4
]}

Brouns, Stan J. J. ^{[5
]}

Charpentier, Emmanuelle ^{[6
]}

Haft, Daniel H. ^{[1
]}

Horvath, Philippe ^{[7
]}

Moineau, Sylvain ^{[8
]}

Mojica, Francisco J. M. ^{[9
]}

Terns, Rebecca M. ^{[10
]}

Terns, Michael P. ^{[10
]}

White, Malcolm F. ^{[11
]}

Yakunin, Alexander F. ^{[12
]}

Garrett, Roger A. ^{[3
]}

van der Oost, John ^{[5
]}

Backofen, Rolf ^{[2
,13
]}

Koonin, Eugene V. ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] NIH, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Natl Lib Med, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA

[2] Univ Freiburg, Bioinformat Grp, Dept Comp Sci, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany

[3] Univ Copenhagen, Archaea Ctr, Dept Biol, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark

[4] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Bioproc & Nutr Sci, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA

[5] Wageningen Univ, Microbiol Lab, NL-6703 HB Wageningen, Netherlands

[6] Helmholtz Ctr Infect Res, Dept Regulat Infect Biol, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany

[7] DuPont Nutr & Hlth, F-86220 Dange St Romain, France

[8] Univ Laval, Dept Biochim Microbiol & Bioinformat, Felix Herelle Reference Ctr Bacterial Viruses, Fac Sci & Genie,Grp Rech Ecol Buccale,Fac Med Den, Quebec City, PQ, Canada

[9] Univ Alicante, Dept Fisiol Genet & Microbiol, E-03080 Alicante, Spain

[10] Univ Georgia, Biochem & Mol Biol, Genet & Microbiol, Athens, GA 30602 USA

[11] Univ St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TZ, Fife, Scotland

[12] Univ Toronto, Dept Chem Engn & Appl Chem, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada

[13] Univ Freiburg, BIOSS Ctr Biol Signaling Studies, Cluster Excellence, Freiburg, Germany

来源：

NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY | 2015年 / 13卷 / 11期

基金：

加拿大自然科学与工程研究理事会; 欧洲研究理事会; 英国生物技术与生命科学研究理事会; 美国国家卫生研究院;

关键词：

GUIDED SURVEILLANCE COMPLEX; RNA-SILENCING COMPLEX; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY; CMR COMPLEX; DUAL-RNA; BIOCHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; INTERFERENCE COMPLEX; SPACER ACQUISITION; DEFENSE SYSTEMS;

D O I：

10.1038/nrmicro3569

中图分类号：

Q93 [微生物学];

学科分类号：

071005 ; 100705 ;

摘要：

The evolution of CRISPR-cas loci, which encode adaptive immune systems in archaea and bacteria, involves rapid changes, in particular numerous rearrangements of the locus architecture and horizontal transfer of complete loci or individual modules. These dynamics complicate straightforward phylogenetic classification, but here we present an approach combining the analysis of signature protein families and features of the architecture of cas loci that unambiguously partitions most CRISPR-cas loci into distinct classes, types and subtypes. The new classification retains the overall structure of the previous version but is expanded to now encompass two classes, five types and 16 subtypes. The relative stability of the classification suggests that the most prevalent variants of CRISPR-Cas systems are already known. However, the existence of rare, currently unclassifiable variants implies that additional types and subtypes remain to be characterized.

引用

页码：722 / 736

页数：15

共 117 条

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