Noninvasive, wireless and real-time bladder pressure monitoring with biomimetic structured devices

Urinary bladder pressure (UBP) is a crucial physiological parameter reflecting urinary incontinence, abdominal pressure and abdominal visceral injury. Realizing the real-time monitoring UBP change helps the development of diagnosing either chronic or severe abdominal diseases. However, current clinic facilities or invasive devices are expensive, complicated to manipulate, low sensitivity, and excruciating to patients. Herein, we propose a noninvasive UBP wireless measurement system using a biomimetic structured piezoresistive sensor and low --power Bluetooth. Our piezoresistive pressure sensor can fully reach a sensitivity of 0.19 kPa(-1) in the range of 0-3 kPa and exhibits significant robustness after 1000 cycles. The low-power Bluetooth system could transmit data in real-time to realize an intelligent diagnosis. Our integration system provides an efficient strategy to help clinicians or patients diagnose abdominal impairment in real-time.