Current state of the art and emerging pharmacotherapy for uterine leiomyosarcomas

Introduction: Uterine leiomyosarcomas (ULMS) account for 1% of all uterine malignancies and for 30% of all uterine sarcomas. The preoperative diagnosis of ULMS is challenging for the physicians, as the symptoms of these tumors are often vague and nonspecific. Moreover, as ULMS have an aggressive biologic behavior, affected women frequently have very poor prognosis. Areas covered: The aim of this review is to describe the current pharmacotherapy for ULMS, including the ongoing clinical trials. Expert opinion: Surgery is the standard treatment for patients with early-stage ULMS. In this setting, the role of adjuvant therapies is still unclear. In the case of advanced, persistent, or recurrent ULMS, chemotherapy is the standard care with the most frequently used drug being doxorubicin. As the outcomes for patients with the currently available conventional single or combined regimens are far from being satisfactory, new alternative and innovative medical compounds have or are being evaluated. Recently, pazopanib, and olaratumab, two innovative targeted drugs, have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treating advanced soft-tissue sarcoma, including ULMS. However, further clinical investigations into new and innovation therapeutic options are warranted.